Whiskey wa ku Scottish: Ulendo Wautali wa Zaka 100 Kuchokera ku Kupanga Mowa Wachikhalidwe Kupita ku Kukula Padziko Lonse

Chiyambi ndi Ma Node Ofunika Akale

Whiskey wa Scotch, wofupikitsidwa kuti Scotch, umasonyeza kuti ndi wapamwamba kwambiri. Chakumwa chapamwamba ichi chimapangidwa mwaluso kwambiri ndipo chimaperekedwa kuchokera ku mibadwomibadwo ku dziko lakale la Scotland, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chikhale chokoma komanso chapadera. Mbiri yake yakale imachokera ku Ming Dynasty ku China zaka zoposa 500 zapitazo. Pakapita nthawi, whiskey wa ku Scotland wakhala chuma chogawana pakati pa okonda vinyo komanso okonda vinyo padziko lonse lapansi.

Whiskey waku Scotland unayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito zaka zoposa 500 zapitazo, uli ndi mbiri yakale komanso chithumwa chapadera, chomwe chimakopa kwambiri dziko lonse lapansi.

Chiyambi cha Zakumwa Zoledzeretsa

Mowa wa malt, womwe ndi umodzi mwa zakumwa zoledzeretsa zakale kwambiri m'mbiri ya anthu, poyamba unali chakumwa chokoma, chopanda mowa wambiri, komanso choviikidwa m'mbale. Komabe, kuti ukhale whiskey wotchuka padziko lonse lapansi masiku ano, uyenerabe kudutsa mu kusintha kwakukulu - "distillation". M'zaka za m'ma 1200 AD, ukadaulo wothira mowa unayambitsidwa ku Europe kudzera m'manja mwa Aarabu ochokera ku China akutali. Izi zisanachitike, mowa wambiri unkagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'magawo azachipatala, kugawidwa ndi amonke, komanso kulemekezedwa ngati "madzi a moyo". Madzi amatsenga awa adatchuka mwachangu pakati pa anthu ndi tchalitchi.

Mfumu ikutsogolera mwambo wa whiskey

Mbiri ya whiskey yaku Scotland imayambira mu 1494, pamene Mfumu James IV ya ku Scotland inkakonda kwambiri whiskey ndipo inatenga nawo mbali pakupanga mowa. Pachilumba cha Aire, m'busa wa Katolika dzina lake John Corr analamulidwa ndi mfumu kugula malt ngati zinthu zopangira ndi kupanga mowa wa whiskey wotchedwa "madzi a moyo", womwe ndi wofanana ndi mabotolo pafupifupi 1500 masiku ano. Kuyambira pamenepo, whiskey yakhala chakumwa chachifumu, ndipo udindo wake ndi woonekeratu.

Masewera amphamvu pakati pa King Su ndi King Ying

Pambuyo pa imfa ya James Wachinayi, dziko la Scotland linakhala pansi pa ulamuliro wa mfumu ya Britain mu 1513. Henry VIII anathetsa nyumba za amonke za ku Scotland ndipo anakakamiza amonke kuti achoke m'nyumba zawo. Atayendayenda pakati pa anthu, amonkewa ankangodalira njira zoyeretsera kuti apeze ndalama popanga whiskey m'mafamu ndi m'mafakitale achinsinsi. Komabe, Nyumba Yamalamulo ya ku Scotland, chifukwa cha chikondi cha anthu pa whiskey, inaganiza zoilola kuti ikhale yovomerezeka. Komabe, m'maso mwa banja lachifumu la Britain, whiskey ya ku Scotland ikadali yosaloledwa. Pofuna kupeza gawo la msika wa whiskey koma osafuna kulola kuti ipangidwe mwalamulo, banja lachifumu la ku Britain linagwiritsa ntchito njira yochenjera kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1700 - kuyika misonkho yolemera pa malt. Njira imeneyi inawonjezera kwambiri ubale wolimba pakati pa Scotland ndi England.

Kukula kwa dziko lonse lapansi kukugwiritsa ntchito mwayi wakale

M'zaka za m'ma 1800, Britain inali pachimake pa chuma chake cha dziko. Ndi mwayi umenewu, makampani akuluakulu ogulitsa mowa monga Tommy Dewar, Johnnie Walker, James Chivas, ndi ena apititsa patsogolo whisky yaku Scotland pamsika wapadziko lonse - kuyambira ku Hong Kong yodzaza ndi anthu kupita ku Hanoi yakale, kuchokera ku Sydney yodzaza ndi anthu kupita ku San Francisco yodzaza ndi anthu, kuchokera ku Montreal yodzaza ndi anthu kupita ku Mumbai yodzaza ndi anthu, komanso mpaka ku Cape Town ndi Cape Verde Islands zakutali. Ulendo wapadziko lonse wa whisky waku Scotland wayamba, womwe wapambana chikondi chokhazikika cha ogula padziko lonse lapansi ndikuyika maziko olimba a chipambano cha masiku ano.

Zatsopano zaukadaulo pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse

Mu 1938, United States inakhala msika waukulu wogulitsa whiskey waku Scotland. Pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, whiskey idatchedwa "chakumwa cha dziko laulere," chifukwa cha kukwezedwa kwakukulu ku Hollywood ndi kufalikira kwa Allies ku Europe, mbiri yake idakula tsiku ndi tsiku. Pofika mu 1970, kupanga whiskey ya malt kudawirikiza kawiri poyerekeza ndi 1960. Chifukwa cha kukwera kwa kupanga, malo opangira mowa wa whiskey nawonso asinthidwa. Thanki yopangira mowa ya semi-automatic yasintha pang'onopang'ono matanki achikhalidwe a rake ndi plow saccharification, ndipo magwiridwe antchito ake abwino komanso kuyeretsa kwachulukitsa katatu magwiridwe antchito. Kuphatikiza apo, malo ambiri opangira mowa ayambitsanso zotenthetsera moto mwachindunji ndipo pang'onopang'ono asintha njira zotenthetsera nthunzi.

Kukwera kwa malt imodzi

Mu zaka za m'ma 1960, fakitale yopanga vinyo ya Glenfiddich inasonyeza luso lapadera pamsika ndipo inaganiza zosiya kugwiritsa ntchito njira yodziwika bwino potsatsa vinyo wawo mu mawonekedwe a "single malt". Ngakhale kuti whisky wosakaniza unali wotchuka pamsika panthawiyo, njira yatsopanoyi inatsegula njira yoti whisky imodzi ikule. Glenfiddich anagulitsa mabokosi 11422 a whisky imodzi, ndipo pofika mu 1970, malonda awo apachaka anali atapitirira mabokosi 50000, zomwe zinali gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a msika wogulitsa kunja kwa Sunway ndikukhala kampani yotsogola mu whisky imodzi.

Msika wa ku China womwe ukukula bwino

M'zaka 20 zapitazi, chikondi cha China pa whiskey yaku Scotland chakula mofulumira, ndipo izi zikuyembekezeka kupitilira. Ngakhale Baijiu ikulamulira msika wa mowa waku China, ogula achinyamata komanso olimba pazachuma akuyang'ana Solvay. Ogula aku China ali ndi chidwi ndi mbiri yakale ya Suwei komanso luso lachikhalidwe. Okonda whiskey ambiri ali okonzeka kulipira ndalama zoposa £150 pa botolo lililonse, ndipo oposa 90% a iwo amakhulupirira kuti single malt ndiye mowa wabwino kwambiri pamsika. Malinga ndi deta yochokera ku China Customs mu 2021, kuchuluka kwa whiskey yakunyumba komwe kumatumizidwa kunja kunakwera ndi 43.9% pachaka, kufika malita 30.28 miliyoni, ndipo mtengo wotumizidwa kunja unakwera ndi 92%, kufika madola 460 miliyoni aku US.