Magalasi a National Treasure Grade: Kuyamikira ndi Kufotokozera Mwatsatanetsatane za Boutique Yosonkhanitsidwa Yofukulidwa

Ziwiya zonse zakale zagalasi zomwe zinafukulidwa ku China zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zinthu zoika maliro m'manda, komanso zotengera zakale ndi zopereka m'zotsalira za Chibuda monga ma pagoda, akachisi, nyumba zachifumu zapansi panthaka, kapena nyumba zachifumu zakuthambo. Kuyambira pomwe Chibuda chinayamba, chakhala chikugwirizana kwambiri ndi galasi kuyambira pachiyambi, ndipo galasi lili ndi malo apadera kwambiri mu Chibuda.

Chidebe chagalasi chafukulidwa kuchokera ku kalata yamwala ya Northern Wei Buddhist pagoda ku Dingzhou, Hebei Province

Mawu achiSanskrit otanthauza "galasi" amatanthauza mwala wabuluu, womwe umatanthauza mtundu wabuluu wozama wa mwala wamtengo wapatali. Monga mtundu wa buluu wakumwamba, wokhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino a kristalo, pamwamba ndi mkati mwake zimaonekera bwino, ndipo mkati ndi kunja zimayenderana. Buddha wa Mankhwala ndiye Buddha wa Dziko la Magalasi Oyera a Kum'mawa. Chibuda chimagwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwa kuwala kwa galasi pofotokoza mwachifaniziro ubwino wa Buddha, kotero Buddha wa Mankhwala amadziwikanso kuti Buddha wa Magalasi Oyera a Kum'mawa.

Tang Dynasty, yobiriwira yopepuka, mapazi ataliatali Makapu a Galasi anafukula kuchokera ku Mapango a Senmushem ku Kuche, Xinjiang

Monga chipembedzo, kutembenukira ku chikhulupiriro ndicho chinthu chofunikira kwambiri. Pofuna kukopa chidwi cha okhulupirira ndikufalitsa Dharma, amonke nthawi zambiri amayesetsa kupanga zatsopano ndikubweretsa malingaliro atsopano, miyambo, zomangamanga, ndi zinthu zakale. Kuti munthu akhale ndi galasi, imfa ndi yoipa kwambiri. Poyamba Sheli inali yomasuliridwa ndi Chisanskrit ya mafupa auzimu a Buddha kapena zotsalira zake. Malinga ndi "Buku la Wei: Shi Lao Zhi" la Northern Qi Dynasty, Buddha atamwalira, matabwa onunkhira anatenthedwa ndipo mafupa auzimu anasweka mzidutswa, lililonse laling'ono ngati tirigu. Sanawonongeke atamenyedwa, kapena kutenthedwa, ndipo mwina anali ndi mphamvu yowala yaumulungu. Amatchedwa "Sheli" m'mawu opanda pake.

Kaya ndi zotsalira za thupi lenileni kapena zolowa m'malo mwake, ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri zoperekedwa ndi zinthu zopatulika, ndipo zinthu zopatulikazi ziyenera kusungidwa m'ziwiya zamtengo wapatali kwambiri. Ziwiya zakale zomwe zinali m'ma pagoda akale a Chibuda ku India ndi Central Asia zinkapangidwa ndi zinthu monga mbiya, matabwa, chitsulo, miyala, ndi galasi. Komabe, ku China, ziwiya zakale zopangidwa ndi galasi zaonekera. Zifukwa zake ndi ziwiri: choyamba, m'nthawi zakale, galasi linali losowa komanso lamtengo wapatali poyerekeza ndi golide; chachiwiri, galasi linali loyera bwino komanso losavuta kupukutidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti likhale loyenera kusungidwa ndikuwonetsedwa.

Mikanda yagalasi yofukulidwa kuchokera ku zilembo za miyala ya pagoda ya Northern Wei Buddhist ku Dingzhou, Hebei Province

Pakadali pano, malo oyambira osungiramo zinthu zakale ku China ndi Northern Wei Buddhist Pagoda Site ku Dingzhou, Hebei Province. Mu nthaka yozungulira ya maziko a nsanja iyi, muli envelopu ya miyala yozungulira yokhala ndi chivundikiro chapamwamba kuyambira chaka chachisanu cha Taihe (481 AD). Mkati mwa envelopuyo, muli zinthu zingapo zamtengo wapatali zomwe banja lachifumu la Northern Wei limasunga, kuphatikizapo zotengera zisanu ndi ziwiri zamagalasi ndi zinthu zikwizikwi zokongoletsera zamagalasi monga mapaipi ndi mikanda.

Mabotolo obiriwira agalasi ochokera ku ufumu wa Sui anafukulidwa pamalo omwe panali nsanja ya Kachisi wa Qingchan ku Xi'an

Botolo lagalasi lobiriwira lokhala ndi khosi lopyapyala komanso mimba yozungulira, yotalika masentimita 8.4 ndi mainchesi 7, linafukulidwa kuchokera pansi pa nsanja ya Kachisi wa Qingchan ku Xi'an, yomwe inamangidwa m'chaka chachisanu ndi chinayi cha ulamuliro wa Kaihuang wa Mfumu ya Sui (589 AD). Mimbayo ili ndi zokongoletsa zinayi zozungulira zowonekera zokhala ndi mainchesi 2.5, ndipo phewa la botololo lili ndi zokongoletsa zinayi zofanana zamakona atatu. Zokongoletsa izi zozungulira ndi zitatu zimapangidwa popera chinthucho chikapangidwa, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito paukadaulo wokonza zinthu zozizira zagalasi. Botolo lagalasi ili limagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino kusungiramo zinthu zakale.

Maziko a nsanja ya Kachisi wa Dayun ku Jingchuan, Gansu adamangidwa m'chaka choyamba cha Yanzai (694 AD). Bokosi la miyala la pansi pa nthaka linali ndi bokosi la mkuwa lopangidwa ndi golide, lomwe linali ndi bokosi la siliva. Bokosi la siliva linali ndi botolo laling'ono loyera lagalasi, lomwe linali ndi "zotsalira" 14. Izi zikugwirizana bwino ndi zomwe zili mu "Zolembedwa pa Bokosi la Mwala la Relic la Kachisi wa Dayun ku Jingzhou": "Kenako chipinda cha njerwa chinatsegulidwa ndipo bokosi la miyala linapezeka. Panali zotsalira 14 mu botolo lagalasi.

Zosonkhanitsa za Nyumba Yosungiramo Zinthu Zakale ya Gansu za Jingyuan Dayun Temple Pagoda ndi Mabotolo a Galasi a Pansi pa Nyumba Yachifumu

Zinthu zakale zagalasi zomwe zapezeka m'nyumba yachifumu ya pansi pa nthaka ya Famen Temple ku Fufeng

Malinga ndi nthano ya Chibuda, kuti afalitse bwino Chibuda, Mfumu Ashoka inasonkhanitsa zotsalira 84000 kuchokera ku zosonkhanitsa za Mfumu Ashikaga m'mitsuko yagalasi 84000, zophimba chuma 84000, ndi zidutswa zokongola 84000. Analamulanso mizimu ndi milungu kuti ipange ma pagoda 84000 a Chibuda usiku wonse ndipo anasunga zotsalira 84000 padera. Panthawiyo, Kachisi wa Famen anali ndi mayina atatu: kachisi wa nyumba yachifumu, kachisi wadziko lonse, ndi kachisi wotchuka. Unali malo opatulika a Chibuda omwe amalemekezedwa ndi banja lachifumu la Tang. Kuyambira nthawi ya Tang Zhenguan, zochitika zisanu ndi ziwiri zonse zinkachitika kuti alandire ndi kutumiza mafupa a Chibuda. Mu 1987, zotsalira za chala cha Buddha za Kachisi wa Famen zinapangidwanso, ndipo magalasi 17 anafukulidwa, zomwe zonse zimakhulupirira kuti ndi zinthu zosungidwa ndi banja lachifumu.

Mabotolo agalasi ofukulidwa kuchokera ku Liao Dynasty White Pagoda ku Jixian, Tianjin

Pa nthawi ya mafumu a Song ndi Liao, anthu olemekezeka am'deralo ndi amonke otchuka adayesetsa kwambiri kuzungulira magalasi amtengo wapatali kukhala ma pagoda ndi akachisi olambirira kuti apeze ulemu. Botolo lagalasi lachikasu lopepuka linapezeka kuchokera ku chilembo cha mwala cha Tiangong cha Chaoyang North Pagoda ku Liaoning Province, chokhala ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 16 ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi mbalame yogona yokhala ndi mimba yotupa ya masentimita 8.5. Khosi la botololo linali lokongoletsedwa ndi waya wagalasi wabuluu, ndipo chogwiriracho chinali chopangidwa ndi galasi labuluu. Pakamwa pa botolo panali chivundikiro cha botolo cha amayi ndi ana chagolide, ndipo panalinso chikho chaching'ono chagalasi labuluu mkati mwa botololo. Botolo lagalasi ili lili ndi mawonekedwe apadera komanso khoma lagalasi lopyapyala komanso lopepuka. Ndi galasi lachisilamu lopangidwa ndi njira yopukutira. Monga chotengera choperekera nsembe, chinthu chamtengo wapatali ichi chinazunguliridwa kukhala pagoda yachibuda panthawi ya ulamuliro wa Mfumu Chongxi wa Liao Dynasty.

Botolo lagalasi la Liao Dynasty lafukulidwa kuchokera ku nsanja ya Chaoyang North ku Liaoning Province

Maziko a nsanja ya Kachisi wa Jingzhi ku Ding County, Hebei Province adamangidwanso m'chaka chachiwiri cha Taiping Xingguo mu Ufumu wa Nyimbo ya Kumpoto (977 AD). Zotsalira zomwe zapezeka zikuphatikizapo zotsalira zosiyanasiyana zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa ndikuperekedwa kuti zikhale zotsalira kuyambira chaka chachiwiri cha Xing'an mu Ufumu wa Northern Wei (453 AD), mpaka chaka chachiwiri cha Daye mu Ufumu wa Sui (606 AD), chaka cha khumi ndi chiwiri cha Dazhong mu Ufumu wa Tang (858 AD), ndi chaka chachiwiri cha Taiping Xingguo mu Ufumu wa Nyimbo (977 AD). Pakati pawo, pali magalasi 37. Maziko a Nsanja ya Jingzhongyuan adamangidwa m'chaka choyamba cha ulamuliro wa Zhidao wa Ufumu wa Nyimbo ya Kumpoto (995 AD), ndipo pali magalasi 34 mkati mwa bokosi la miyala la nyumba yachifumu yapansi panthaka. Zidutswa za magalasi izi ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri zakale zomwe zapezeka. Galasi la ku Chinakatundu.

Zolemba pa magalasi pa zilembo zamkuwa za Sui ndi miyala ya Tang zochokera ku Kachisi wa Dingzhou Jingzhi

Kalata yamwala ya Sui Dynasty, kalata ya mkuwa yokongoletsedwa, kalata yamwala yooneka ngati chivindikiro, mbale yagolide ndi siliva yokongoletsedwa, nsanja yagolide ndi siliva yokongoletsedwa, ndi mabotolo awiri agalasi okhala ndi magawo obiriwira ndi oyera omwe apezeka m'nyumba yachifumu ya Jingzhi Temple Pagoda amapanga ziwiya zotsalira zamagulu, zomwe zikugwirizana ndi mawu olembedwa kuti "zomangidwa mmwamba ndi pansi, zigawo zisanu ndi ziwiri mkati ndi kunja" pa kalata ya mkuwa yokongoletsedwa m'chaka chachiwiri cha Daye (606 AD). M'chaka cha 12 cha Dazhong (858 AD) cha Tang Dynasty, mawu olembedwa akuti "Record of the Re burial of the True Body in Jingzhi Temple in Dingzhou" adalemba kuti: "Pali chuma chamtengo wapatali zisanu ndi ziwiri chomwe chazunguliridwa kuzungulira nsanja yasiliva mu kalata yagolide, mabotolo awiri agalasi mkati, ndipo mabotolo awiri ang'onoang'ono oyera ndi akuluakulu obiriwira akuchulukirachulukira." Izi zikuwonetsa mabotolo awiri agalasi ofunikira kwambiri mu "zigawo zisanu ndi ziwiri mkati ndi kunja". Mpaka kumapeto, inalinso chinthu cha Sui Dynasty.

Makapu agalasi olunjika ochokera ku Ufumu wa Sui adafukulidwa kuchokera kunyumba yachifumu yapansi panthaka ya pagoda ya Buddhist ku Kachisi wa Dingzhou Jingzhi

Kumapeto kwa "Record of the True Body", kwalembedwa kuti: "Pagoda yaying'ono yamwala yomwe ili mu pagoda poyamba inali ku Kachisi wa Tianyou, yokhala ndi zinthu ziwiri zakale ndi mabotolo anayi osungiramo zinthu: galasi, golide, siliva, ndi lacquer, zomwe zinayikidwa m'chilembo chakale pamwamba pa pagoda." Botolo lamkati lagalasi ndi botolo laling'ono lowonekera bwino lokhala ndi chivindikiro cha lotus, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chidebe chosungiramo zinyalala.

Miphika yagalasi ya zotsalira za mafumu a Sui yafukulidwa kuchokera m'nyumba yachifumu yapansi panthaka ya pagoda ya Buddhist ya Kachisi wa Jingzhi

Botolo lina lagalasi lingakhalenso chinthu chopangidwa ndi Sui Dynasty. Botolo ili ndi la buluu, lowonekera pang'ono, lokhala ndi pakamwa pabwino komanso mimba yotupa. Ndi lalitali masentimita 9, mainchesi 5.5 m'mimba mwake, ndipo lili ndi mainchesi ambiri a mimba mpaka masentimita 8. Manga ulusi wagalasi mozungulira phewa ndikuzungulira mapazi.

Magalasi a poppy ochokera ku mafumu a Sui anafukulidwa kuchokera m'nyumba yachifumu ya pansi pa nthaka ya Jingzhi Temple Buddhist Pagoda

Xiao Liang ndi Shen Yue a ku Southern Dynasty analemba kuti "Masisitere a Chibuda mu Kachisi wa Chibuda mu Southern Qi Dynasty akuyenda bwino komanso mokongola": "Kuchokera mumtambo, mutha kuwona Maitreya ndi ma Bodhisattva onse. Onse ndi agolide, ndipo ali ndi galasi loyera m'manja mwawo..." Galasi la poppy m'manja mwa Bodhisattva ndi chuma, pomwe opium poppy ndi botolo lokhala ndi mimba yayikulu ndi pakamwa kakang'ono, komwe ndi mawonekedwe achi China. Zinthu zomwe Bodhisattva amasunga m'makoma a zojambulajambula mu Phanga 225 la Mogao Grottoes ku Dunhuang zili ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi mabotolo agalasi a Sui Dynasty omwe adafukulidwa m'nyumba yachifumu ya Jingzhi Temple, kutanthauza kuti, galasi loyera ngati chuma.

Ma poppies agalasi osungidwa ndi bodhisattvas mu khola la 225 la Mogao Grottoes ku Dunhuang

Palinso Mbale ya Galasi, wobiriwira wowonekera pang'ono, wokhala ndi pansi pake yokongola yokhota, makulidwe a khoma osakwana masentimita 0.15, kutalika kwa masentimita 9, ndi mainchesi 15. Mbale yagalasi yooneka ngati lotus yomwe Bodhisattva ili nayo mu Phanga 328 la Mapanga a Mogao ndi yofanana.

Mbale yagalasi ya Lotus yomwe ili ndi Bodhisattva mu Phanga 328 la Mapanga a Mogao

Mu Ufumu wa Nyimbo, botolo lagalasi lomwe linali ndi madzi a duwa, lomwe limadziwikanso kuti mafuta onunkhira, linali chida chofunikira kwambiri pa zotsalira zachibuda. Mabotolo atatu agalasi opyapyala omwe adafukulidwa kuchokera kunyumba yachifumu yapansi panthaka pansi pa nsanja ya Jingzhi Academy onse anali ziwiya zagalasi zosungiramo mafuta onunkhira.

Botolo lagalasi losemedwa ndi Song Dynasty linafukulidwa kuchokera m'nyumba yachifumu ya pansi pa nthaka ya pagoda ya Buddhist ya Jingzhi Temple

Mabotolo agalasi opitilira 40 a gourd ndi mabotolo ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi khosi adafukulidwa kuchokera ku maziko a nyumba ziwiri zachifumu zapansi panthaka, okhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana kuphatikiza buluu wowonekera, wobiriwira wowonekera, wachikasu wofiirira wowonekera, wofiirira wowonekera, ndi bulauni wosawoneka bwino. Ma gourd awa onse anali zinthu za Ufumu wa Nyimbo, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti makampani opanga magalasi akunyumba mu Ufumu wa Nyimbo adakula kwambiri poyerekeza ndi Mafumu a Sui ndi Tang, ndipo amatha kupanga zinthu zamagalasi zamitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso zowonekera bwino.
Mphika wagalasi wa mphonda wochokera ku Song Dynasty unafukulidwa kuchokera kunyumba yachifumu ya pansi pa nthaka ya Jingzhi Temple Buddhist Pagoda

Kuwonjezera pa mikanda yagalasi yofunika kwambiri mu ziwiya za Chibuda panthawi ya mafumu a Tang ndi Song, zipatso zina ndi zipangizo zina zopangidwa ndi galasi zinagwiritsidwanso ntchito polemekeza Buddha. Makhalidwe owoneka bwino a galasi ndi tanthauzo lake zinali zogwirizana ndi ziphunzitsozo. Pali "zipatso" zisanu ndi chimodzi zozungulira zagalasi zomwe zinafukulidwa kuchokera ku stupa ku Lintong, Shaanxi, zomwe zimatchedwa "zipatso za Sutuohan" m'mawu achibuda. Zinali zobisika mu stupa zikafukulidwa; Mazira agalasi, mbale zagalasi, ndi zina zotero nthawi zambiri zimapezeka m'manda otsalira ngati zinthu zoika maliro kapena zopereka.

Mbale yagalasi yabuluu yokhala ndi zojambula zobisika m'nyumba yachifumu ya pansi pa nthaka ya Famen Temple

Magalasi asanu ndi limodzi abuluu okhala ndi mapangidwe ojambulidwa anapezeka m'nyumba yachifumu ya pansi pa nthaka ya Famen Temple, onse omwe ali osungidwa bwino ndipo ali ndi mapangidwe okongola kwambiri. Mapangidwe ojambulidwawo amapangidwa pamwamba pa galasi pogwiritsa ntchito chida cholimba komanso chofewa kuposa galasi chikapangidwa, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito muukadaulo wokonza magalasi ozizira.

Mbale ya buluu yooneka ngati golide yokhala ndi utoto wa masamba a maple, yokhala ndi mainchesi 15.9, kutalika kwa 2.1, kuya kwa masentimita 1.8, kulemera magalamu 132. Pakamwa powongoka ndi milomo yolunjika, mimba yosaya yokhala ndi pansi pathyathyathya, ndi pakati pang'ono pozungulira. Buluu wozama, wowonekera bwino. Pakati pa mbaleyo pamakongoletsedwa ndi mapangidwe a masamba a maple ndi golide, pomwe mkati mwake mwakunja mumakongoletsedwa ndi mafunde amadzi ndi mizere yopingasa, ndipo mumagawidwa ndi mabwalo ozungulira.

Kachisi wa Famen pansi pa nyumba yachifumu ya maple, chitsanzo cha tsamba la maple, chojambulidwa ndi galasi lagolide labuluu

Mbale yagalasi iyi yopakidwa golide imachokera ku luso lojambula galasi, kugogomezera mapangidwe akuluakulu ndi golide kuti mbale yokongola yagalasi ikhale yowala kwambiri. Malinga ndi zolemba za zinthu za nyumba yachifumu yapansi panthaka, mbale zagalasi zojambulidwa izi zinali zopereka za Mfumu Xizong ya Ufumu wa Tang ndipo zinayikidwa m'nyumba yachifumu ya pansi panthaka ya ku Tibet mu Januwale chaka cha 15 cha Xiantong (874 AD).

Zipangizo zokwana 20 zagalasi zinapezeka m'nyumba yachifumu ya Famen Temple, ndipo pakati pa izi, seti imodzi yokha ya makapu awiri agalasi a tiyi ndi zotengera za tiyi ndi zomwe zingakhale ziwiya zagalasi zapakhomo.

Nyumba yachifumu ya pansi pa nthaka ya Famen Temple ili ndi makapu a tiyi agalasi ndi thireyi ya tiyi

Chikho cha tiyi chagalasi ndi chachikasu chopepuka, chobiriwira pang'ono, chowonekera bwino, m'mimba mwake ndi 12.7, kutalika kwa 5.2, kuya kwa mimba ndi masentimita 4, ndipo chimalemera magalamu 117; Mtundu wa thireyi ya tiyi yagalasi ndi wofanana ndi wa mbale ya tiyi. Chothandizira chakuya pansi pake, chokhala ndi m'mimba mwake wa diski ndi 13.7, m'mimba mwake wa mapazi ndi 4.5, ndi kutalika konse kwa masentimita 3.8, cholemera magalamu 138, zonse ziwiri zimapangidwa ndi kupukutidwa kopanda nkhungu.

Chikho cha tiyi chagalasi ndi thireyi ya tiyi zalekanitsidwa

Mawu olembedwa pa "Chihema Chovala" omwe anafukulidwa kuchokera m'nyumba yachifumu yapansi panthaka akunena kuti gulu la magalasi awa okhala ndi makapu a tiyi ndi "mbale ziwiri za tiyi zagalasi Tuozi", zomwe zinalinso ulemu wochokera kwa Mfumu Xizong wa Tang Dynasty.

Pa nthawi ya mafumu a Song ndi Liao, makampani opanga magalasi sanali kulamulidwa ndi khoti lachifumu, ndipo malo ochitirako ntchito zagalasi achinsinsi nawonso adapangidwa. Zinthu zagalasi zabwino kwambiri zinali zitayamba kutchuka, koma magalasi ochokera kunja okhala ndi luso lovuta komanso mawonekedwe okongola anali ofunika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Chuma china nthawi zambiri chinkagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zopereka ndipo chinkasonkhanitsidwa m'nyumba zachifumu zapansi panthaka.

Nyumba Yosungiramo Zinthu Zakale ya Mfumukazi Chen ya Inner Mongolia yokhala ndi chikho chagalasi

Mu chaka chachisanu ndi chiwiri cha Liao Kaitai ku Naiman Banner, Inner Mongolia (1018 AD), magalasi asanu ndi awiri anafukulidwa kuchokera ku manda a Mfumukazi Chen ndi mwamuna wake. Chimodzi mwa makapu agalasi onse okhala ndi chogwirira ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 11.4, ndi mainchesi 9 ndi mainchesi 5.4 pansi. Ndi chakuda chakuda komanso chowonekera bwino, chokhala ndi gawo lopindika pamwamba. Pakamwa pake patsekedwa pang'ono, mainchesi ake ndi ozungulira, mapewa ake akutupa, mimba yake yabwerera m'mbuyo kwambiri, ndipo mapazi ake ozungulira alumikizidwa ndi chogwirira chozungulira chathyathyathya pakamwa ndi mapewa ake. Pali wrench yozungulira yooneka ngati keke kumapeto kwa chogwiriracho, chomwe mwina ndi galasi lopangidwa m'zaka za zana la 10 ku Iran.

Botolo lagalasi lokhala ndi misomali ya mkaka pamanda a Mfumukazi Chen wa Liao Dynasty

Palinso botolo lagalasi lokonzedwanso lokhala ndi mapatani a nyini, kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 17, ndi mulifupi wa 6, m'mimba mwake ndi 9.5, ndi m'mimba mwake pansi ndi masentimita 8.7. Ndi lopanda utoto komanso lowonekera bwino, ndi khosi lalitali komanso mimba yotupa ngati funnel. Lili ndi phazi lalitali lozungulira looneka ngati lipenga ndipo lakongoletsedwa ndi mizere isanu ya mapatani ang'onoang'ono a nyini pakhoma la mimba. Chodabwitsa kwambiri ndichakuti chogwirira cha botolocho chimapangidwa ndi zigawo 10 za timizere tagalasi topanda kanthu, zomwe zimafuna akatswiri agalasi kuti amvetse bwino nthawi yomwe galasi lotentha limasungunuka kuchoka pa lofewa kupita pa lolimba panthawi yozizira, ndikuliyika pang'onopang'ono ndi njira zapamwamba kuti amalize ntchitoyi yovuta. Botolo lagalasi lopangidwa ndi misomali ya mkaka mwina ndi chinthu chagalasi chochokera ku Egypt kapena Syria.

Pakati pa magalasi omwe anafukulidwa m'manda a Mfumukazi Chen wa Liao Dynasty, pali mbale yagalasi yojambulidwa yokhala ndi mainchesi 25.5, mainchesi pansi pake ndi 10 cm, ndi kutalika kwa 6.8 cm. Ndi yopanda utoto komanso yowonekera bwino, yokhala ndi gawo lopindika pamwamba, mlomo wozungulira wotseguka, mphete yozungulira ya m'mimba, ndi mapazi. Khoma la m'mimba limakongoletsedwa ndi mapiramidi ang'onoang'ono 28 a quadrangular omwe anapukutidwa ndi gudumu lopukutira. Mbale yagalasi yojambulidwa iyi ili ndi mawonekedwe okongola komanso luso lapamwamba. Ikhoza kukhala chinthu chochokera ku Ufumu wa Byzantine m'zaka za zana la 10 ndi 11, ndipo ndi chuma chapadera chagalasi padziko lonse lapansi chomwe chidakalipobe!

Mbale yagalasi yojambulidwa kuchokera kumanda a Mfumukazi Chen wa Liao Dynasty

Ziwiya zagalasi zomwe zili m'manda a Mfumukazi Chen wa mafumu a Liao zimachokera ku Ufumu wa Byzantine komanso dziko la Chisilamu, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti kulankhulana pakati pa Liao ndi Kumadzulo kuli kutali kwambiri ndi malingaliro a anthu wamba.

Kuyang'ana mpweya kwa nthawi yayitali kapena malo osungiramo zinthu pansi pa nthaka kwa nthawi yayitali kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zagalasi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zitaye mawonekedwe awo owoneka bwino. Chifukwa chake, galasi lakale lomwe limawoneka masiku ano si mawonekedwe ake oyambirira.

Chikho chagalasi chabuluu chopepuka cha mapazi ataliatali chochokera kumanda a Liao ku Tuerji Mountain, Inner Mongolia