Choyera bwino, chokongola komanso chokongola, kukongola kwa galasi kuchokera ku Qing Dynasty

Galasi la ku China Inachokera ku Western Zhou Dynasty ndipo inakula kwambiri mu Qing Dynasty. M'chaka cha 35 cha ulamuliro wa Kangxi (1690), fakitale ya magalasi ya Qing Palace Construction Office inamangidwa. Mu nthawi ya Kangxi, Yongzheng, ndi Qianlong, amisiri aku China adaphatikiza zinthu zaku China ndi zaku Western kuti apange kalembedwe kapadera ka magalasi. Pamene mphamvu ya dziko inali kuchepa kumapeto kwa Qing Dynasty, kupanga magalasi mu Qing Palace kunachepa pang'onopang'ono, koma zinthu zambiri zamagalasi aku Western ndi Eastern zinalowa mu Forbidden City. Magalasi okongola komanso amtengo wapatali a bwalo la Qing Dynasty pang'onopang'ono adatenga mitundu ya tsiku ndi tsiku. Mitundu yowala komanso mawonekedwe olemera a galasi la Qing Dynasty sizinachitikepo m'mbiri ya magalasi aku China.

Chidebe chotsukira chagalasi chooneka ngati pepo choyera pakati pa nthawi yophukira

Chophimba chagalasi chobiriwira chowonekera bwino (chowonekera kutsogolo) pakati pa gawo loyeretsera

Chidebe chotsukira chagalasi chobiriwira chowonekera bwino pakati pa nthawi yoyeretsera

Chotsukira chagalasi loyera lopaka utoto wa tiyi (chithunzi chakutsogolo) pakati pa gawo loyeretsera

Chidebe chagalasi loyera lopukutira la tiyi, chotsukira pakati

Buluu Galasi Lowonekera Mawonekedwe a Square Qing Qianlong

Chipinda chagalasi chowonekera bwino cha buluu (chithunzi chatsatanetsatane) Qing Qianlong

Botolo lagalasi lowonekera bwino la buluu, Qing Qianlong

Botolo la khutu la buluu lowonekera bwino lagalasi loyera la maluwa awiri

Botolo la makutu awiri lowonekera bwino la buluu looneka ngati galasi (chithunzi chatsatanetsatane) loyera bwino

Chowonekera cha Buluu Wakumadzulo Mbale ya Galasi Zaka za m'ma 1800 ku Ulaya

Botolo lachikasu la Qing Qianlong

Botolo looneka ngati galasi la chrysanthemum lozungulira chakumadzulo lochokera ku Europe m'zaka za m'ma 1800

Botolo looneka ngati galasi la chrysanthemum la kumadzulo (chithunzi chatsatanetsatane) ku Europe m'zaka za m'ma 1800

Chovala chofiira cha galasi la nthochi chopangidwa ndi maluwa a gulugufe chokhala ndi khutu lawiri chopangidwa ndi Qing Qianlong

Botolo loyera la galasi lofiira la pichesi lokhala ndi mapatani, Qing Qianlong

Botolo lofiira la galasi lofiira la chinjoka chachiwiri chothamangitsa ngale chopangidwa ndi jade pot spring botolo la Qing Qianlong

Botolo loyera la chinjoka chabuluu ndi botolo la phoenix, Qing Qianlong

01 Ntchito yovuta yophulitsa
Buku la "Yanshan Zaji · Liuli" limanena kuti panthawi ya ulamuliro wa Ming, panali zida zopumira monga nyali za thovu, mabotolo a nsomba, ndi maso a Buddha zomwe zinapanga "malo opanda kanthu". Zopangira za jade zopangidwa ndi galasi lopangidwa ndi Ming Dynasty zokha ndi zomwe zatsala mpaka pano. Fomula yagalasi yomwe idayambitsidwa kuchokera ku Europe panthawi ya ulamuliro wa Qing Dynasty inkalola ntchito zovuta zopumira. Kuwonjezera pa kupumira zinthu zazing'ono momasuka, kupumira nkhungu ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yopangira zinthu zovuta. Ikani chubu chachitsulo chopumira mu probe ya galasi ndikupumira mu nkhungu. Mukapanga, chotsani nkhungu ndikuipukuta, ndikuwonjezera ndi kudula ndi kupaka utoto.

Botolo la buluu lowonekera bwino la galasi la octagonal Qing Yongzheng

Zipatso zagalasi zamitundu yosiyanasiyana zoyeretsera

Magalasi obiriwira okhala ndi zipatso (chithunzi chatsatanetsatane) owonekera bwino

Botolo lagalasi la mitundu inayi, Qing Qianlong

Magalasi 02

Kuphimba galasi ndi kuphatikiza kwa ukadaulo wophimba galasi ndi ukadaulo wosema, wokhala ndi mtundu wa pakati kutsogolo ndi mtundu wa chivundikiro chakunja chomwe chimatchulidwa pambuyo pake. Chingagawidwenso m'magulu awiri: chimodzi ndikuphimba galasi la monochrome ndi galasi la monochrome; Njira yachiwiri ndi "kuphatikiza", komwe kumaphatikizapo kuphatikiza pang'ono ndikusungunula magawo osiyanasiyana agalasi amitundu pa substrate, kenako ndikuzisema pamalopo.

Galasi loyera lokhala ndi mapatani awiri a mileme ndi madzi ooneka ngati mavwende, Qing Dynasty Qianlong

Botolo la snuff lobiriwira lagalasi lokhala ndi mapatani achikasu

Chophimba cha maluwa cha buluu chopangidwa ndi galasi la nthochi chopangidwa ndi masamba awiri a Qing Qianlong

Chophimba cha maluwa cha buluu chopangidwa ndi galasi la nthochi chopangidwa ndi maluwa awiri (chithunzi chatsatanetsatane) Qing Qianlong

Mbale yoyera ya buluu yokhala ndi mawonekedwe a lotus, Qing Qianlong

Mbale yoyera ya buluu yokhala ndi galasi lofiirira lozunguliridwa ndi lotus (chithunzi chatsatanetsatane) Qing Qianlong

03 Kujambula Galasi

Kujambula galasi ndi mtundu wa kujambula womwe umagwiritsa ntchito galasi ngati njira yojambulira. Pamene chithunzicho chikuonekera pansi pa galasi, ndikofunikira kutsatira ndondomeko ya tsatanetsatane musanasakanize mtundu wa maziko panthawi yojambula, zomwe ndi zosiyana ndi njira yojambulira yachizolowezi. Pachifukwa ichi, ufumu wa Qing unapanga mwachangu njira yojambulira mkati pogwiritsa ntchito nsonga zokhotakhota, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ziwiya zazing'ono monga mabotolo a fodya.

Kujambula kwa Azimayi Akumadzulo Kujambula Magalasi Oyera

Chithunzi cha Magalasi cha Akazi akumadzulo (Zambiri) Qing

Chithunzi cha Ulimi ndi Kuluka Chojambula Galasi Choyera

Chithunzi cha Ulimi ndi Kuluka Chojambula cha Galasi (Tsatanetsatane) Chowonekera

04 galasi lojambulidwa

Magalasi ojambulidwa amatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: njira yojambulira diamondi ndi njira yojambulira magalimoto. Palinso magalasi ochepa ojambulidwa diamondi ochokera mu nthawi ya Kangxi. Njira imeneyi inayamba ku Venice kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1500, komwe cholembera chojambulira diamondi chinkagwiritsidwa ntchito pamwamba pa galasi popaka utoto ndi kupukutira. Mu nthawi ya Yongzheng, magalasi ojambulidwa adalimbikitsidwa kwambiri ndi njira zachikhalidwe zojambulira diamondi, zomwe masiku ano zimatchedwa "njira yojambulira magaleta".

Mphika wa maluwa wooneka ngati galasi la buluu la Western safiro wochokera ku Europe wa m'zaka za m'ma 1800

Chophimba cha maluwa chopangidwa ndi galasi la buluu la kumadzulo loonekera bwino (chithunzi chatsatanetsatane) cha m'zaka za m'ma 1800 ku Ulaya

Chikho chooneka ngati galasi la amber chojambulidwa ndi gulugufe, Qing Qianlong

Chikho chowonekera bwino cha maluwa ndi zipatso chopangidwa ndi galasi lowonekera bwino

Chikho chooneka bwino cha maluwa ndi zipatso zokhala ndi mawonekedwe agalasi (chithunzi chatsatanetsatane) chowonekera bwino

05 Galasi Lagolide

Galasi la Baojin limatanthauza njira yopangira mizere yakuda yopyapyala komanso yofanana pamwamba pa magalasi a monochrome, kenako n’kuyika guluu wagolide ndi zojambulazo mkati mwa mizere kuti apange mawonekedwe agolide. Njira imeneyi idapangidwa potengera kudzoza kuchokera ku ukadaulo wa lacquerware ndipo ndi chokongoletsera chapadera cha galasi la khoti la Qing Dynasty.

Chitsulo cha matabwa cha golide chopangidwa ndi galasi la buluu lopindika, chokongoletsedwa ndi nthambi ya tripod, Qing Qianlong

Mphika wagalasi wabuluu wakumwamba wokhala ndi nthambi zokulungidwa ndi golide ndi mapangidwe a maluwa, Qing Qianlong

06 Galasi la Venus

Galasi la Venus limatchedwa dzina la tinthu ta kristalo tomwe timawala ndi kuwala kwagolide mkati mwa thupi lake. Linayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mtundu watsopano wa galasi ku Venice m'zaka za m'ma 1500 ndipo limatchedwa "mwala wa Wendorina" kapena "Kashlun" m'zosungira zakale za Qing Palace. M'zaka zoyambirira za ulamuliro wa Qianlong, mtundu uwu unapangidwa bwino mu fakitale yagalasi motsogozedwa ndi amishonale. Chifukwa cha kuuma kwake kwakukulu komanso kuvutika kuphulika, magalasi ambiri a Venus omwe alipo amajambulidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosema jade, ndi zinthu zingapo zokhala ndi zidutswa zagalasi la Venus zomwe zimayikidwa kunja kwa thupi lachitsulo.

Tayala la mkuwa lokhala ndi galasi la nyenyezi yagolide, chogwirira cholembera cha ayezi, chowonekera bwino

Tayala la mkuwa lokhala ndi chogwirira cha cholembera cha ayezi cha galasi la nyenyezi yagolide (chithunzi chatsatanetsatane) chowonekera bwino

Kujambula Magalasi a Venus Cloud Phoenix Pattern Double Connection Water City Flower Insertion Clear

07 Zotsalira zina zokongola zachikhalidwe

Galasi loyera, madontho ofiira, mphika wa maluwa, wowonekera bwino

Galasi loyera lophimbidwa ndi silika wamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi botolo lagalasi lozungulira, Qing Qianlong

Botolo loyera lagalasi lozungulira lozunguliridwa ndi silika wamitundu yosiyanasiyana (chithunzi chatsatanetsatane) Qing Qianlong

Botolo lopaka utoto wa enamel ndi maluwa ndi mbalame la Qing Qianlong

Diancui yokongoletsedwa ndi galasi, mbadwa zokhala ndi mawonekedwe a Bandai, duwa la mutu, loyera

Chibangili chofiira chagalasi chophimbidwa ndi chipale chofewa cha Feixue, chowonekera bwino

Mpira wowonekera bwino wojambulidwa ndi galasi, mkango wogona, woponya bwino

Botolo la chipewa cha makutu awiri chophimbidwa ndi galasi lakumadzulo, ku Venice ya m'zaka za m'ma 1700

Botolo la chivundikiro cha makutu awiri lopangidwa ndi galasi la kumadzulo (chithunzi chatsatanetsatane) Venice ya m'zaka za m'ma 1700